The Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung and Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg organised a conference “After dictatorship” (“Nach der Diktatur. Wege zur Aufarbeitung von Gewaltregimen”) on 10 October 2023 in Berlin. Academy Director Professor Dr Safferling contributed to the second panel which was headed: “Punish or forgive”. He discussed with Christoph Flügge, former Judge at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Christoph Schaefgen, former Prosecutor in GDR-cases, and Professor Susanne Buckley-Zistel, Philipps-Universität Marburg, on the possibilities and limits of criminal justice after dictatorship. (cs)